Last Modified
What It Is
A button that allows the users to respond to content with a recording of their own voice.
Civic Signal Being Amplified
When To Use It
What Is Its Intended Impact
Reduces likelihood of showing or reporting hostility when people discuss a topic via voice memos.
Evidence That It Works
Evidence That It Works
Four experiments conducted by Schroeder, et al. (2017) predicted that a person’s speech, beyond conveying a person’s thoughts, also "conveys their mental capacity, such that hearing a person explain his or her beliefs makes the person seem more mentally capable—and therefore seem to possess more uniquely human mental traits—than reading the same content” (ibid).
This study ran three experiments “involving polarizing attitudinal issues and political opinions” which found “this effect to emerge when people are perceived as relatively mindless, such as when they disagree with the evaluator’s own beliefs” (ibid).
A fourth experiment found that “paralinguistic cues in the voice” (e.g., tone, echoing) were an indicator for mental capacities.
Why It Matters
In an interview with Casey Newton of the Platformer, Kayvon Beykpour, Twitter’s head of product, had this to say about audio:
“Our mechanics incentivize very short-form, high-brevity conversation, which is amazing and powerful and has led to all the impact that Twitter has had in the world. But it’s a very specific type of discourse, right? It's very difficult to have long, deep, thoughtful conversations."Audio is interesting for us because the format lends itself to a different kind of behavior. When you can hear someone’s voice, you can empathize with them in a way that is just more difficult to do when a you’re in an asynchronous environment. … We think audio is powerful, because that empathy is is real and raw in a way that you can’t achieve over text in the same way.
According to Schroeder et al. (2017), modern technology allows for predominantly text-based interactions over vast distances, but that may not be optimal for cultivated mutual appreciation and understanding the minds of others. Voice, however, allows us to better build a theory of mind about others, the absence of which fuels dehumanization.
Special Considerations
The television spot opens with a white man making calls to a rental office. He gives a different name and uses a different voice for each call, reflecting various races and ethnicities. Each time, he is told that the apartment is not for rent. Yet, when he uses a Caucasian-sounding name and accent, he is assured that the apartment is—for some certain reason—available.
The ad, titled "Accents", appeared on television stations across the United States. It also suggests a very real underlying problem with voice only, as it can, unfortunately, still prove to be a vector for discrimination.
Another drawback is that voice-only risks being inaccessible to the deaf and hard of hearing. However, given advancements in real-time closed captioning, this latter drawback is potentially solvable.
Examples
This intervention entry currently lacks photographic evidence (screencaps, &c.)
Citations
The Humanizing Voice: Speech Reveals, and Text Conceals, a More Thoughtful Mind in the Midst of Disagreement
Is this intervention missing something?
You can help us! Click here to contribute a citation, example, or correction.